"Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy at MAX IV Laboratory"
Mattia Scardamaglia
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University (Sweden)

The Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS) programme at MAX IV is run by HIPPIE and SPECIES, two soft X-ray beamlines located on the 3 GeV ring and the 1.5 GeV ring, respectively. Toghether, they cover a wide energy range going from 30 eV up to 2500 eV. They feature three branch lines with endstations covering the pressure range from UHV to tens of mbar in a variety of sample environments allowing the possibility to access solid-gas, solid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces.

After a brief overview of the principles of APXPS, the talk will present the portfolio of available ambient pressure cells at MAX IV and discuss case studies from users’ experiments covering different topics: time-resolved catalysis, photocatalysis, atomic layer deposition, electrochemical corrosion and operando battery interfaces. The unique opportunity of measuring APXPS and polarization modulation IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) available at HIPPIE will also be presented.